Class XII GEOGRAPHY:COURSE STRUCTURE
COURSE STRUCTURE
One Theory Paper 3 Hours 70 Marks
A. Fundamental of Human Geography 35 Marks
Unit 1: Human Geography 3
Unit 2: People 5
Unit 3: Human Activities 10
Unit 4: Transport, communication & Trade 10
Unit 5: Human settlements 5
Unit 6: Map Work 2
B. India: People and Economy 35 Marks
Unit 7: People 5
Unit 8: Human Settlements 4
Unit 9: Resources and Development 12
Unit 10: Transport, Communication and International Trade 7
Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems 4
Unit 12: Map Work 3
C. Practical Work 30 Marks
Unit 1: Processing of Data and Thematic Mapping 20
Unit 2: Field study or Spatial Information Technology 10
A. Fundamentals of Human Geography (70 Periods) 35 Marks
Unit 1: Human Geography: Nature and Scope 3 Periods
Unit 2: People 15 Periods
Population of the world — distribution, density and growth
Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change;
Age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition;
Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons
Unit 3: Human Activities 25 Periods
Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some examples from selected countries;
Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: agro-processing, household, small scale, large scale; people engaged in secondary activities – some examples from selected countries;
Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and communication; services; peopleengaged in tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries
Quaternary activities-concept; knowledge based industries; people engaged inquaternary activities – some examples from selected countries
Unit 4: Transport, Communication and Trade (Periods 19)
Land transport – roads, railways – rail network; trans-continental railways;
Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes;
Air Transport- Intercontinental air routes;
Oil and gas pipelines;
Satellite communication and cyber space
International trade-Basis and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade.
Unit 5: Human Settlements (Periods 8)
Settlement types – rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries.
Unit 6: Map Work on outline Political map of World- 2 Marks
identification only
B. India: People and Economy 70 Periods
Unit 7: People (Periods 12)
Population distribution, density and growth; composition of population; linguistic and religious; rural-urban population; change through time-regional variations; occupation;
Migration: international, national-causes and consequences;
Human development: selected indicators and regional patterns;
Population, environment and development.
Unit 8: Human Settlements (Periods 8)
Rural settlements – types and distribution;
Urban settlements – types, distribution and functional classification.
Unit 9: Resources and Development (Periods 28)
Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use-major crops; agricultural development and problems; Distribution of Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugar cane and Rubber).
Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed management (one case study related with participatory watershed management to be introduced).
Mineral and energy resources-metallic (Ironore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese) and non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals and their distribution; conventional (Coal, Petroleum Natural gas and Hydro electricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas).
Industries – types and distribution; industrial location and clustering; changing pattern of selected industries-iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge based industries; impact of liberalization, privatisation and globalization on industrial location;
Planning in India- target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case study)
Unit 10: Transport, Communication and International Trade (Periods 12)
Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas pipelines; national electric grids; communication networkings – radio, television, satellite and internet;
International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports,
Unit 11: Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems (One
case study to be introduced for each topic) (Periods 10)
Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal.
Urbanisation-rural-urban migration; problem of slum.
Land Degradation.
Unit 12: Map work on outline political map of India for locating
and labelling 3 Marks
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